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Barossa Valley 

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Barossa Valley 

 

Barossa Valley wine region is one of Australia's oldest and most premier wine regions. Located in South Australia, the Barossa Valley is about 56 km (35 miles) northeast of the city of Adelaide. Unlike most of Australia whose wine industry was heavily influenced by the British, the wine industry of the Barossa Valley was founded by German settlers fleeing persecution from the Prussian province of Silesia (in what is now Poland). The warm continental climate of the region promoted the production of very ripe grapes that was the linchpin of the early Australian fortified wine industry. As the modern Australian wine industry shifted towards red table wines (particularly those made by the prestigious Cabernet Sauvignon) in the mid-20th century, the Barossa Valley fell out of favor due to its reputation for being largely a Syrah from producers whose grapes were destined for blending. During this period the name "Barossa Valley" rarely appeared on wine labels. In the 1980s, the emergence of several boutique families specializing in old vine Shiraz wines began to capture international attention for the distinctive style of Barossa Shiraz, a full bodied red wine with rich chocolate and spice notes. This led to a renaissance in the Barossa Valley which catapulted the region to the forefront of the Australian wine industry.

 

Many of Australia's largest and most notable wineries are either headquartered or own extensive holdings in the Barossa Valley. These include such wineries as Penfolds, Peter Lehmann, Orlando Wines, Seppeltsfield, Wolf Blass and Yalumba. Many Shiraz vines in the Barossa Valley are several decades old, with some vineyards planted with old vines that are 100–150 years old including Turkey Flat in Tanunda that is home to the oldest commercially producing grape vines, originally planted in 1847. Other grape varieties grown in the Barossa Valley include Grenache, Mourvedre, Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling, Chardonnay and Semillon.

 

In February 2011, South Australian Premier Mike Rann announced that special legislation would be introduced to protect the unique heritage of the Barossa Valley and McLaren Vale. Premier Rann said: "Barossa and McLaren Vale food and wine are key icons of South Australia. We must never allow the Barossa or McLaren Vale to become suburbs of Adelaide." The Character Preservation (Barossa Valley) Act 2012 was subsequently passed by the South Australian Parliament.

Barossa Valley 是澳洲南部很重要的澳洲葡萄酒產區,特別是知名葡萄品種 Shiraz 所釀成的濃鬱強勁紅酒。產區擁有許多樹齡幾十年的西拉葡萄樹,有些甚至已達 100 至 15 0年,種植西拉葡萄的歷史非常悠久。

 

產區位於阿德萊德(Adelaide)往北約60公里處,由於阿德萊德山區(Adelaide Hills)阻擋,這裡氣候溫暖,夏季白天炎熱、陽光充足,但夜晚涼爽。葡萄生長季降雨較少(僅160毫米),隔壁的伊頓谷約230毫米),大部分年份需要灌溉。但在乾旱的氣候環境中,真菌、細菌等病害威脅較少。大部分葡萄園在平原上,海拔大約為250公尺到370公尺。炎熱的氣候意味著葡萄容易成熟、含糖量高、酸度較低。

 

20 世紀中期,澳大利亞開始將葡萄酒生產重心轉向紅葡萄餐酒(尤其是頗具威望的 Cabernet Sauvignon),Barossa Valley 的地位因此日漸下沉,酒標上也很少出現其名字。直到上世紀 80 年代,該產區出現了幾個家族式酒廠,專門釀制老藤 Shiraz 單品葡萄酒。這些葡萄酒風格獨特,酒體豐滿,帶有豐富的巧克力味和香料味。Barossa Valley 的葡萄酒業也由此復興,帶領著澳洲葡萄酒闖出一片天地。

雖然 Barossa Valley 最具代表性的依然是 Shiraz 無庸置疑,在此區仍有其他葡萄品種,紅葡萄有 Cabernet Sauvignon、Grenache、Mourvedre;白葡萄有 Riesling、Semillon blanc、Chardonnay。其中由 Shiraz、Mourvedre 及 Grenache 釀出來的 GSM 葡萄酒,與 RhoneValley 北部的紅葡萄酒相似,但澳洲 GSM 葡萄酒更闖出自己的名聲。

 

葡萄酒風格

  • 西拉

這裡的西拉通常是酒體飽滿、酒精度高、高單寧,但非常柔順,帶有成熟的黑色水果風味,有時還有果醬的風味。大部分的有經過美國新橡木桶陳年,也有些會經過法國橡木桶。少數的會釀造一些優雅、新鮮果味、骨架強的葡萄酒。這些葡萄酒都有著很好的陳年能力,在長時間的陳年後發展出複雜、迷人的三類香氣。

 

  • 赤霞珠

最好的赤霞珠來自於較為涼爽的位置,但仍酒體飽滿,高單寧且柔順。

 

  • 歌海娜

這裡的歌海娜有很多來自於老藤葡萄樹,有著濃鬱的風味。歌海娜通常出產羅納河谷混釀風格的葡萄酒,與西拉和慕合懷特(Mourvèdre)調配,被稱為GSM混釀。

 

  • 霞多麗

這裡的霞多麗是溫暖氣候風格的白酒,酒體飽滿,果味多為成熟的熱帶水果香氣。

 

  • 賽美蓉

這裡的賽美蓉比起獵人谷(Hunter Valley)的,酒精度更高、酒體更為飽滿,但酸度較低。高品質的賽美蓉通常在橡木桶中發酵和/或陳年。這會為白葡萄酒增加香氣和複雜度。

 

如今,該產區不僅擁有多個澳大利亞最大最有名的酒莊,還擁有許多大酒莊的大量股份。產區內較為知名的酒莊包括 Penfolds Winery(奔富酒莊)、Peter Lehmann(皮德利蒙)、Seppeltsfield(澤佩爾茲菲爾德葡萄園)、Torbreck Vintners(托佈雷酒莊)、Wolf Blass(禾富酒莊)和 Yalumba(禦蘭堡)。其中,Penfolds Winery 是澳大利亞最著名,也是最大的葡萄酒莊,所產葡萄酒被視為澳大利亞紅酒的象徵和澳大利亞葡萄酒業的貴族,出產的 Grange 酒更有“澳洲酒王”的稱號。

 

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