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Chablis 夏布利產區簡介

Chablis 位於法國 Burgudy 北部約訥省(Yonne),這裏圍繞著瑟蘭河(Serein),有著山形起伏的地貌。Chablis 是一個歷史悠久的白葡萄酒產區,這裏僅採用 Chardonnay 來釀造葡萄酒,與法國Burgudy 其他子產區的白葡萄酒相比,Chablis 的白酒會更輕盈、果香更直接,不追求過於華麗的釀造工藝所帶來的香氣層次,更多的保留產地與葡萄品種自身的風味。

 

下面先放個地圖,看看Chablis的位置(圖中右上方紅色方框): 

Chablis 是Burgundy 最西北邊的一個子產區,但與Burgundy 主產區距離遠了些,風土有著明顯的不同。總得來說,Chablis一是因為緯度高了於是冷了些;二是土壤不太一樣;三是靠海更近了一些,受到一些海風的影響。準確的說,Chablis是一個村級AOC(Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée),成片的葡萄園基本承包當地地貌。Chablis的葡萄園基本坐落在River Serein兩岸較為陡峭的山坡上,以提高葡萄園所獲得的光照。

Chanlis 產區氣候特徵

Chablis屬於冷涼產區,所處地帶屬於半大陸性氣候,略受大西洋氣候影響,縮短了葡萄生長和成熟的時間,使得順利出產高質量葡萄具有一定難度。在這裏,春季容易發生霜凍,對葡萄藤產生凍害,因此田間經常安置噴淋裝置和加熱器進行應對;有一個舒適溫暖的夏季;秋季過量降雨則會影響葡萄完全成熟。

上圖是一個Chablis 葡萄園田間加熱器工作的場景,當我第一次看到的時候,一是覺得挺壯觀的,二是覺得這滿山遍野可都是錢啊!

 

值得一提的是,和其他大部分冷涼產區一樣,Chablis同樣可能受益於氣候變暖,因為氣候變化正使得穩定出產高品質葡萄變得容易。也意味著,如果你就喜歡那種冷涼的感覺,可能這幾年需要多喝一點。

Chablis 產區土壤(Kimmeridgean Soil 啟莫里層土壤)

Chablis葡萄園地表主要是白堊土。當地這種土壤歷史可以追溯至侏羅紀,從英格蘭南部一直貫穿至 Chablis。這裏曾經是古老的海洋,因此土壤中包含許多海洋生物化石,富含鈣質和礦物質。這種土壤通常會賦予葡萄硬朗的骨骼感。

Chablis 產區品種

Chardonnay 是Chablis唯一法定的釀酒葡萄品種。較氣候相對溫暖的Côte d'Or而言,這裏所產的Chardonnay通常有接近脆爽的酸度、較為輕盈細瘦的酒體並伴有柑橘、青蘋果、梨子和礦物和鹹味。其中,礦物和鹹味則主要是白堊土的作用。遇到葡萄成熟度不足時,會有菜類的生青味。  

     

為了突出這種產地的氣候和土壤特徵,當地除特級園以外的酒莊較少使用橡木桶進行陳釀以減輕過多使用釀造工藝而影響自然風味的表達。Chablis清新明亮富有礦物感的風格獨樹一幟,在國際享有盛譽。這也意味著你通常不會見到人們使用諸如包含熱帶水果、奶油、橡木桶香或酒體圓潤來形容這裏的酒。但如果你真的遇到了,你懂的。

 

實際上Chablis葡萄酒的發展並非一帆風順。兩次較大的打擊分別是19世紀末席捲歐洲的根瘤蚜蟲危機,導致葡萄藤大量壞死,產量下降;以及之後法國鐵路的發展使得法國南部廉價酒可以大量運往巴黎。直到2000年後,Chablis才重拾盛譽。這與葡萄酒消費者的偏好轉向礦物感、清瘦脆爽有關。這可能對於初學者是否一開始就嘗試Chablis,可能是個參考。

 

由於地處冷涼產區,葡萄園的朝向在這對葡萄品質有較大影響。面向南面的葡萄園能獲得更多的光照,能夠出產成熟度和品質更高的葡萄。其中西南朝向葡萄園由於能夠獲得夕照,會比東南朝向的葡萄園具有優勢。此外,靠近河流的葡萄園通過水體的調節作用,也能獲得額外的溫度,利於葡萄的生長和熟成。

Chablis 分級體系

Chablis 有自己的獨立的分級體系,主要根據葡萄園的朝向、坡度和白堊土含量進行分類,四個分類分別是Petit Chablis、Chablis、Chablis Premier Cru(一級園)和Chablis Grand Cru(特級園)。

Petit Chablis AOP

小夏布利

Chablis 鎮外圍的區域屬於 Petit Chablis 法定產區。Petit Chablis的葡萄園面積占比大概15%左右,由於地形多變(包含坡地、谷地或朝北的葡萄園),Petit Chablis 的葡萄酒通常酸度較高,並帶有更為鮮明、類似柑橘的酸爽風味。這類酒款最適合冷飲,建議在上市後的一到兩年內飲用,以充分展現其清爽不甜的絕佳口感。

Chablis AOP

夏布利村莊級

越靠近 Chablis 村莊中心,便是主要的 Chablis 法定產區。市面上最常見的酒款多為基礎的Chablis ,且品質通常相當不錯。其風味蘊含柑橘與梨子香氣,並帶有更為突出的礦物氣息——這種獨特的口感,被認為是源自該產區廣泛分佈的白堊石灰岩土壤(即啟莫里階土壤,Kimmeridgian soils)。

Premier Cru Chablis AOP

夏布利一級園

擁有更佳的日照方位,以及土壤中含有更高比例的石灰岩泥灰土,是成為Chablis 一級園的必備條件。這裡的葡萄酒果香更為濃郁,帶有楊桃與檸檬的風味,並伴隨著更強烈、鮮明的打火石礦物氣息。在Chablis ,僅有 15%(約 780 公頃)的葡萄園享有「一級園」的地位,其中共包含 70 個「地塊」(lieu-dits,即具名的葡萄園地塊)。在這 70 個地塊中,有 40 個是官方認可的「微氣候風土地塊」(climats),其名稱可標示於Chablis 的酒標上。雖然這些資訊看似繁雜,但實際上真正在酒標上被廣泛使用的 climats 大約只有 20 個。幾個著名的一級園 climats 例子包括:Montée de Tonnerre、Mont de Milieu、Vaillons 以及 Fourchaume。

Grand Cru Chablis

夏布利特級園

Chablis 僅有一面山坡(面積約 257 英畝/104 公頃)被劃分為特級園,其下細分為 7 個 climats(即官方指定的葡萄園地塊)。這些特級園隔著瑟蘭河(Serein River)與Chablis 村莊相望。葡萄園朝南的座向,為夏多內(Chardonnay)葡萄的成熟提供了最理想的條件;而山坡上的黏土泥灰岩土壤(與英國多佛白崖 Cliffs of Dover 屬於同一脈的啟莫里階土壤),更是孕育頂級佳釀的搖籃。

 

從西南到東南,分別是Bougros、Les Preuses、Vaudésir、Grenouilles、Valmur、Les Clos和Blanchot,其中Les Clos可能是被更多人認為品質最好、最具有陳年能力的葡萄園。有意思的是,當地沒有一家酒莊擁有完整的一塊Grand Cru,這也使得Grand Cru出產的葡萄酒因為釀酒師理念和工藝的不同產生多種風味。Grand Cru出產的葡萄酒在釀造過程中,釀酒師可能會更多應用蘋果酸乳酸發酵、橡木桶陳釀和酒泥接觸工藝,進而帶給葡萄酒更飽滿的酒體、層次更多的香氣和複雜的結構。

配餐建議

配餐方面,生蠔!生蠔!生蠔!Chablis的較高酸度和特有的礦物氣息與生蠔非常搭調。此外,與雞肉、魚肉和帶子等較為清淡的白肉也是不錯的搭配。

Top 10 Chablis Producers

Billaud-Simon

Domaine Billaud-Simon

Domaine Billaud-Simon is one of the historic estates of Chablis, with roots dating back to 1815.

 

Today the domaine is known for producing refined, elegant wines that highlight the purity of Chardonnay grown on classic Chablis limestone soils.

 

The estate owns parcels in several prestigious vineyards, including Les Clos, Vaudésir, and Les Preuses, three of the seven Grand Cru sites in Chablis. Their wines are typically fermented in stainless steel or large neutral vessels, preserving freshness and mineral clarity.

 

Stylistically, Billaud-Simon wines are known for their precision and finesse, often showing aromas of citrus, white flowers, green apple, and crushed stone.

Domaine Vincent Dauvissat

Vincent Dauvissat is widely regarded as one of the greatest producers in Chablis. The family has been making wine in the region for generations, and the estate remains relatively small but extremely respected.


Dauvissat farms parcels in legendary vineyards including Les Clos, Les Preuses, and Forest. The wines are fermented partly in older oak barrels, which adds texture without masking the terroir.


The wines are famous for their longevity and depth, often developing extraordinary complexity with age. Aromas typically include oyster shell, citrus, white peach, honey, and flint.

Vincent Dauvissat
William Fèvre

Domaine William Fèvre

Domaine William Fèvre is one of the most influential estates in modern Chablis. Founded in 1959, the estate now owns over 70 hectares of vineyards, including an impressive number of Premier Cru and Grand Cru sites.


The winery practices sustainable viticulture and focuses on expressing the unique character of each vineyard parcel. Oak use is carefully controlled to maintain freshness and minerality.

Fèvre wines are known for their clarity, purity, and balance, making them excellent examples of classic Chablis style.

Domaine Christian Moreau Père et Fils

Christian Moreau Père et Fils is a historic family estate with roots dating back to 1814. The domaine owns several exceptional parcels within the Les Clos Grand Cru, one of the most prestigious vineyards in Chablis.

 

The wines are produced with minimal intervention, allowing the natural character of the vineyard to shine through. They are known for combining elegance with structure, offering vibrant acidity alongside ripe fruit.

 

Typical aromas include green apple, citrus, peach, white flowers, and subtle spice.

Christian Moreau Père et Fils
Raveneau

Domaine Raveneau

Domaine Raveneau is one of the most legendary names in Chablis. Founded in 1948, the estate produces extremely limited quantities of wine that are highly sought after by collectors worldwide.

 

The wines are fermented and aged in older oak barrels, which contribute texture and complexity while preserving freshness.

 

Raveneau wines are celebrated for their power, depth, and ageing potential, often evolving for decades.

Domaine Louis Michel et Fils

Louis Michel et Fils is renowned for its commitment to a pure, terroir-driven style. The estate famously avoids oak barrels, fermenting and ageing its wines in stainless steel tanks.

 

This approach highlights the natural minerality of Chablis vineyards.

 

The wines are typically vibrant and energetic, with notes of lemon, green apple, oyster shell, and wet stone.

Louis Michel et Fils
Daniel-Etienne Defaix

Domaine Daniel-Etienne Defaix

Daniel-Etienne Defaix is famous for releasing Chablis wines after long ageing in the cellar. While many producers release wines early, Defaix often waits years before selling them.

 

This extended ageing results in wines with remarkable complexity and richness.

 

Expect aromas of honey, baked apple, herbs, and mineral notes.

Jean-Paul & Benoît Droin

The Droin family has been making wine in Chablis for over 400 years, making it one of the region’s oldest estates.

 

The domaine owns parcels in several Grand Cru vineyards and produces wines that balance fruit expression with mineral tension.

 

Their wines often evoke seaside freshness, with notes of peach, citrus, and saline minerality.

Jean-Paul & Benoît Droin
Pattes Loup

Domaine Pattes Loup

Domaine Pattes Loup is led by Thomas Pico, one of the most exciting young winemakers in Chablis.

 

The wines are made from old vines and often aged longer than typical Chablis, giving them greater depth and complexity.

 

They combine ripe fruit, minerality, and subtle smoky notes.

Maison Verget

Maison Verget is a respected Burgundy négociant founded by Jean-Marie Guffens, a talented winemaker known for producing expressive white wines.

 

The wines are typically richer and more generous than classic Chablis, yet they retain freshness and mineral structure.

 

They often show notes of ripe apple, lemon, stone fruit, and subtle oak.

Maison Verget

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